Free Circuit Diagram

RS485 interface gives some more benefits compared to RS232: simplicity and the robustness for long distance transfer. RS485 is simpler because it uses only two wire (or a single pair) to carry out the data in bidirectional manner, using RS232, we need 3 wires at minimum to carry the data bidirectionally. RS485 cable length can [...]

Many new computers now only has USB port, and this serial to USB adapter might be the only help for old devices that provides only RS232/COM Port. This serial adapter uses FT232 USB-RS232  converter IC from FTDI (Future Technology Devices International).  The main features of this USB serial adapter chip are: 384 [...]

Using only transistors as the active components, we can build a simple and low cost TTL-to-RS232 level converter. It uses only two transistors as the active components. Here is the schematic diagram of the converter: /caption] You can use any small signal transistor for this RS232 converter circuit. You can see [...]

Using MAX232 integrated circuit, you can build a TTL-to-RS232 level converter that totally comply with RS232 electrical specification. The IC generate the higher positive and negative voltage (+10 and -10 Volts)  from TTL power supply (5V DC) using switched capacitor. The switching circuitry is provided inside the chip, so you need only few caps for [...]

This small 3 transistors amplifier circuit will be suitable for small battery powered devices, and the circuit is really simple. This tiny power amplifier use same typology as the more complicated version of discrete amplifier in our previous circuit, but with here is in the simplest form. This circuit is a very good [...]

Unlike the 10-band graphic equalizer in our previous circuit that use a gyrator circuit, this 3-band graphic equalizer circuit uses Baxandall topology, similar with the Baxandall tone control but with additional mid frequency control. The figure below shows the schematic diagram of the circuit. The operational amplifier employ an LF351 IC chip, but [...]