
This circuit is a simple crystal oscillator that can be operated in overtone mode. Overtone mode permit the operation at higher frequency than specified by the crystal. The circuit uses a grounded base amplifier configuration, and place the crystal as a series resonator. The transistor Q1 is biased in the active region as [...]
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Metal Detector Circuit Topology One of the simplest method of metal detecting is by beat frequency oscillator. Basically, the circuit consist of two balanced oscillator. One oscillator provides the reference signal, and other oscillator is acting as the detector element. The reference oscillator’s frequency is fix, while the detector oscillator is variable depending on [...]
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This capacitance meter circuit is similar with previous meter circuit, but it uses transistors rather than logic gates. Here is the schematic diagram: You can see the circuit uses pnp transistor, you can use almost any pnp transistors with frequency bandwidth og 100MHz and collecttor current handling capability of 100 mA to replace [...]
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Classic LED Flasher Circuit This LED flasher circuit is a classic two transistor flip flop. This flasher circuit is very popular and it’s usually the first circuit to build when starting electronic circuit building hobby. Here is the schematic diagram of the famous LED flasher circuit: How LED Flasher Circuit Works [...]
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The excellent high input impedance, high slew rate, and high voltage qualities of CA3140 op-amp make it suitable for Wien-bridge sine wave oscillator. The basic circuit for Wien-bridge sine wave oscillator is shown in the figure below (the upper part). You can see the formula in the figure, when R1=R2=R, and C1=C2=C, then the formula [...]
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Quadrature oscillator generate two sine-wave signal, but one signal is shifted 90 degree from the other signal. One output that lead the other called cosine signal, and the other is called sine. Here is the schematic diagram of the circuit: This circuit is another type of pahase shift oscillator, with three phase shifter [...]
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