Infinite Resolution Frequency Multiplier/Divider

Normally, frequency multiplier or divider has only discrete ratio operation since it uses digital divider as the main process for division or multiplication. By first converting the incoming frequency into a proportional DC voltage, we can perform frequency scaling easily with no restriction of discrete ratio operation. Here is the block diagram the scheme: We can accomplished it by using […]

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Single Cell Battery 1.5V 20dB Inverting Amplifier

Featuring very low power consumption, 675 nA is the total current  consumption for this amplifier  circuit. The output voltage swing is 300 mVpp with a 20 kΩ load. This very low power design is made possible by high gain low power operational amplifier CA3078. CA3037 is marked as obsolete product by Intersil, but they suggest ICL7611,ICL7612, CA5420A, CA3140, or CA3160 for […]

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TC9400 Wide Frequency Range Pulse Generator

The reason why TC9400 V/F converter is very useful in the laboratory are because it’s portable, battery-operated, and low cost frequency source. Both pulse and square-wave outputs are provided by the TC9400. A triangular waveform can also be generated by adding an op-amp integrator. The outputs can be frequency-modulated via the FM input. [Circuit’s schematic diagram source: Microchip Application Note]

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Superlinear FM (Frequency Modulator)

Designing various electronic circuit system (synthesizer, modem, decoder, data converter, etc) of ten need a frequency modulator subsystem. An FM modulator is very easy to build with TC9400 since the it has very good linearity as V/F converter. Here is the system’s block diagram: While Vin determines the amount of modulation (FM deviation) around the center frequency, the potentiometer determines […]

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